Saint Helena (2005)

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Saint Helena 2005 year


Administrative divisions	1 administrative area and 2 dependencies; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.8% (male 715/female 691) 15-64 years: 71.3% (male 2,745/female 2,575) 65 years and over: 9.8% (male 330/female 404) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 410 sq km land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Saint Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate	12.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $11.2 million expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY92/93)
Capital	Jamestown
Climate	Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline	60 km
Constitution	1 January 1989
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Death rate	6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	NA (1996)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - recipient	$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview	The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption	4.65 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	5 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues	NA
Ethnic groups	African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates	Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Michael CLANCY (since 15 October 2004) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports	0 kWh (2002)
Exports	$17 million f.o.b. (2002)
Exports	NA
Exports - commodities	fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners	Tanzania 30.3%, US 23.8%, Japan 10.4%, UK 7.1%, Spain 6.3% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA
Geographic coordinates	15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note	harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways	total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	0 kWh (2002)
Imports	$42 million c.i.f. (2002)
Imports	NA
Imports - commodities	food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners	UK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%, Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA
Industries	construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation	ICFTU, UPU
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force	3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001)
Languages	English
Legal system	NA
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.76 years male: 74.86 years female: 80.81 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location	islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality	noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian
Natural hazards	active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources	fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	none
Population	7,460 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA
Population growth rate	0.59% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age
Telephone system	general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network international: country code - 290; HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension Island, which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	2,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	0 note: television programs are received in Saint Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Terrain	Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate	1.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	14% (1998 est.)

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